What if universal time-of-use tariffs were introduced? [40]
Summary of the Article: Making TOU tariffs universal —so every customer pays higher prices during peak hours and lower prices during off‑peak/solar hours—would align retail prices with system costs, flatten peak demand , improve renewable integration , and reduce fuel and capacity costs. Evidence from large‑scale programs (California, Ontario, UK) and meta‑analyses indicates TOU consistently shifts load away from peaks , with savings and emissions benefits magnified when paired with smart meters , automation, EV charging, and storage. [cpuc.ca.gov] , [brattle.com] , [cpuc.ca.gov] In India, the Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Amendment Rules, 2023 already mandate ToD/TOU for C&I consumers (from April 1, 2024 ) and for other classes (by April 1, 2025 , except agriculture), with ≥20% lower tariffs in “solar hours” and ≥10–20% higher in peak hours . Successful universalization hinges on smart‑meter coverage , consumer protection, and tariff design guardrails set by regulators and D...