What if storage cost reached below $10/kWh ? [21]
Utility‑scale battery capex clusters around $125/kWh all‑in (global auctions as of Oct’25), translating to LCOS ≈ $65/MWh for 4‑hour systems; standalone LCOS ranges in the US are still triple digits in many cases, although sharply down in 2025. Pack costs average $108/kWh (global) and $70/kWh for stationary storage in China‑linked segments. Long‑duration chemistries (iron‑air) target ~$20/kWh for energy capacity; sodium‑ion could plausibly reach $40/kWh at cell level with scale. Pumped storage is scaling rapidly in India. All of that sets the baseline before we explore a $10/kWh world. If fully installed energy storage (not just cell cost) fell below $10/kWh , the cost of shifting electricity would become negligible relative to generation. Solar and wind could be overbuilt and time‑shifted ubiquitously; thermal peakers and new gas CCGTs would be replaced by solar+storage, wind+storage, and hybrid portfolios; transmission expansion would focus on strategic corridors , while d...