What if utilities were privatized everywhere? [37]
Summary of the Article: Global, across‑the‑board privatization of utilities (power, water, gas, rail, telecom and urban services) would mobilize private capital and managerial discipline, but outcomes would vary sharply by sector and country depending on regulatory quality , market design , and social safeguards . Evidence shows privatization can improve operational efficiency and expand access—especially where credible regulators exist—yet may also raise affordability concerns, under‑deliver environmental outcomes, or under‑invest in universal service without explicit obligations. [academic.oup.com] , [ieg.worldb...kgroup.org] , [hks.harvard.edu] For India, which already mixes public ownership with PPPs and private licenses (e.g., Delhi distribution), full privatization would intersect with ongoing reforms (Electricity Act legacy, RDSS, smart metering), EU CBAM trade pressures (for network‑intensive, energy‑cost‑sensitive sectors), and state capacity constraints in regulation. The win...